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SLOVAKIA.TXU
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TITLE: SLOVAK REPUBLIC HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1994
AUTHOR: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DATE: FEBRUARY 1995
Section 6 Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
The Constitution provides for the right to form and join
unions, except in the armed forces. In 1994 between 70 and 75
percent of the work force was organized. Unions are
independent of the Government and political parties. There are
no restrictions on the right to strike, but there were no
reports of strikes during the year.
There were no reported instances of retribution against
strikers or labor leaders, but the law and regulations do not
explicitly prohibit such retribution. There were no reports of
human rights abuses targeted against unions or workers.
Unions are free to form or join federations or confederations
and to affiliate with and participate in international bodies.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
The collective bargaining law provides for collective
bargaining, which is freely practiced throughout the country.
Employers and unions set wages in free negotiations. The Law
on Citizens' Associations prohibits discrimination by employers
against union members and organizers. Complaints may be
resolved either in collective negotiations or in court. If
found guilty of antiunion discrimination, employers are
required to reinstate workers fired for union activities.
The Customs Act of 1992 regulates duty-free stores and free
customs zones. Firms operating in several such zones must
comply with the Labor Code; to date, there have been no reports
of special involvement by the trade unions. Slovakia has no
special legislation governing labor relations in free trade
zones.
c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
Both the Constitution and the Employment Act prohibit forced or
compulsory labor. There were no reports of violations. The
Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and Family, as well as
district and local labor offices, have responsibility for
enforcement.
d. Minimum Age for Employment of Children
The law sets the minimum employment age at 15 years of age.
Under a law amended in 1994, children must remain in school for
9 years, or until age 15. Workers under age 16 may not work
more than 33 hours per week; may not be compensated on a
piecework basis; may not work overtime or night shifts; and may
not work underground or in specified conditions deemed
dangerous to their health or safety. Special conditions and
protections, though somewhat less stringent, apply to young
workers up to the age of 18. The Ministry of Labor enforces
this legislation. There were no reports of violations.
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
The minimum wage, effective October 1993, is $82 (2,450 Slovak
crowns) per month. Even when combined with special allowances
paid to families with children, it does not provide an adequate
standard of living for workers and their families. The
Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and the Family is
responsible for enforcing the minimum wage; no violations were
reported.
The standard workweek mandated by the Labor Code is 42.5 hours,
although collective bargaining agreements have achieved
reductions in some cases. The law requires overtime payment up
to a maximum of 8 hours per week and 150 hours per year, and it
provides 3 weeks of annual leave. There is no specifically
mandated 24-hour rest period during the workweek. The trade
unions, the Ministry of Labor, and local employment offices
monitor observance of these laws, and the authorities
effectively enforce them.
The Labor Code establishes health and safety standards which
the Office of Labor Safety effectively enforces. For hazardous
employment, workers undergo medical screening under the
supervision of a physician. They have the right to refuse to
work in situations which endanger their health and safety and
may file complaints against employers in such situations. In
February the Government adopted a resolution on work safety,
which created a timetable for taking the steps necessary to
bring Slovakia into conformity with European Union norms.